Country	Total Plutonium Holdings (irradiated and unirradiated forms)
Argentina	10
Armenia	1.3
Belgium	24
Brazil	1.9
Bulgaria	8.8
Canada	130
China	4.3
Czech Republic	5.6
Finland	11
France	230
Germany	90
Hungary	7.1
India	13
Italy	6.5
Japan	145
Kazakhstan	3.0
Lithuania	9.2
Mexico	2.2
Netherlands	3.3
Pakistan	0.9
Romania	2.2
Russia	121
Slovakia	7.9
Slovenia	2.5
South Africa	5.3
South Korea	41
Spain	25
Sweden	40
Switzerland	15
Taiwan	21
Ukraine	38
United Kingdom	110b
United States	393c
Total	1529

(a) These values are taken from either tables 3 and 6 or table 7. The estimates in this table do not include the roughly 100-200 tonnes of plutonium remaining in the cores of nuclear power reactors at the end of 2002.
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(b) This value includes 4.4 tonnes of excess British military plutonium.
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(c) This value includes about 5 tonnes of U.S. excess plutonium that were produced in civil power reactors.
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Table 3: Holdings of Plutonium Produced in Civil Power Reactors in Countries involved in Plutonium Separation or Recycling, end 2002, in tonnes

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Table 4: Total Holdings of Plutonium from Civil Power Reactors, INFCIRC/549 Countries, end 2002, in tonnes

Country	Unirradiated plutonium holdings from civil power reactors, INFCIRC/549 declaration (end 2002)	Unirradiated plutonium holdings from civil power reactors, estimated since not declared (end 2002)a	Plutonium in spent fuel, INFCIRC/549 declaration (end 2002)	Estimated plutonium in unirradiated fuel, stored overseas and not in INFCIRC/549 declarations (end 2002)	Plutonium in spent fuel from civil power reactors, (end 2002)b	Total Plutonium holdings, ISIS estimate (end 2002)c
Belgium	n.i.d	1.8	22	0.1e	22	24
China	0	n.a.d	no declaration	0	4.3	4.3
France	47.9	n.a.	182	0	182	230
Germany	n.i.	25.6	54	8-11f	62-66	88-91
Japan	38.6	n.a.	98	8-9g	106-107	145
Switzerland	n.i.	0.8-2.8	12	0-2h	12-14	15
United Kingdom	70.8i	n.a.	39	0	39	110
United States	n.i.	4-5j	388k	0	388	393
Russia	37.8	n.a.	83	0	83	121

 

(a)      These values are from table 2 in the ISIS report 'Separated Civil Plutonium Inventories: Current Status and Future Directions,' June 10, 2004.
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(b)      The values for plutonium in irradiated fuel, column 6, are the sum of the values in columns 4 and 5.  The values are rounded.  The value for China is an ISIS estimate of total plutonium discharged from Chinese power reactors, assuming no plutonium from this spent fuel has been reprocessed.
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(c)      Values in column 7, total plutonium holdings, are a sum of the unirradiated and irradiated plutonium holdings.  Thus, a value in column 7 is a sum of the values in column 2 or 3 and column 6.
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(d)      Abbreviations used in the table:  n.i. is not included in the declaration and n.a. is not applicable.
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(e)      Belgium was a part owner of the closed Superphenix breeder reactor located in France.  This amount is an estimate of the amount of Belgian plutonium in irradiated fuel discharged from this reactor.Be  lgium is believed to still own this plutonium.
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(f)        Germany does not declare the amount of plutonium in spent fuel stored in Britain and France. Germany is estimated to have had about 750-1,000 tonnes of spent fuel at La Hague and Thorp at the end of 2002, and this spent fuel contained about 6.8-9 tonnes of plutonium.  In addition, Germany also stores about 25 tonnes of spent MOX fuel at La Hague, containing about one tonne of plutonium.  Germany was also a part owner of the Superphenix reactor, and roughly 600 kilograms of German-origin plutonium are estimated to be contained in irradiated Superphenix spent fuel. T  is plutonium is assumed to remain under German ownership. In total, German spent fuel stored overseas is estimated to contain about 8-11 tonnes of plutonium.
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(g)      Japan does not declare the amount of spent fuel stored in Britain awaiting reprocessing.  The estimate in this table is derived from information about Japan’s spent fuel contracted for reprocessing at the Thorp plant and the expected reprocessing schedule of this fuel. As of the end of 2002, this amount of spent fuel is estimated to be about 1,000 tonnes, and to contain about 8-9 tonnes of plutonium.
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(h)      Switzerland declared that up to 3 tonnes of plutonium were overseas in spent fuel or in the form of separated plutonium at the end of 2002, but about one tonne of this plutonium is believed to have been separated (see reference in note (a)).
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(i)        This value includes a relatively small quantity of plutonium declared excess to military requirements.  This plutonium is likely from non-civil reactors.
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(j)        The bulk of this unirradiated plutonium was originally imported from the United Kingdom and assigned to the U.S. defense program.  It came from British power reactors.  The rest originated in U.S. power reactors and ended up in the U.S. defense programs.
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(k)      The United States has declared that at the end of 2002 there were 383 tonnes of plutonium in spent fuel at civil reactor sites and 12 tonnes of plutonium in spent fuel held elsewhere.  Of this 12 tonnes, 7.5 tonnes are declared excess to national security needs and are not believed to have been produced in civil power reactors.  As a result, only 5 tonnes of this amount are included in this table entry.
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(a)     The countries in this table are or were involved in separating plutonium, recycling plutonium, or operating breeder reactors, but do not submit INFCIRC/549 declarations.  As a result, the values are more uncertain than those found in the table listing countries that have submitted INFCIRC/549 declarations.
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(b)    The values in this column estimate the total plutonium holdings of a country, which includes both irradiated plutonium and unirradiated plutonium.  Each value is determined by taking the amount of plutonium discharged in power reactor spent fuel, column 2, and using adjustments in column 3.  The estimate does not include reductions due to the consumption of plutonium in irradiated MOX fuel.  Such reductions are relatively small in these countries.  This column is repeated as column 8, except the values in this column are rounded.
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(c)     These values are from table 2 in the ISIS report 'Separated Civil Plutonium Inventories: Current Status and Future Directions,' June 10, 2004.  The amounts held domestically and overseas are listed in table 2 in this reference.
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(d)    The total amount of plutonium in irradiated fuel, column 6, is derived by taking the value in column 4, plutonium holdings, and subtracting the estimate for unirradiated plutonium in column 5.  Column 7, plutonium in irradiated fuel stored overseas, contains estimates of the amount of plutonium in irradiated fuel held overseas.
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(e)     The values for Italy are discussed below.  Italy bought about 350 kilograms of plutonium from Belgium and the Netherlands.  Through 2002, Italy separated about 4.2 tonnes of plutonium overseas, giving it a total supply of about 4.5 tonnes of separated plutonium.  About 200-300 kilograms were used as MOX fuel in Italian reactors.  Another 3.8 tonnes were allocated to the Superphenix reactor, of which Italy owned 33 percent.   About 1.9 tonnes of the Superphenix plutonium are in irradiated form;  the rest is stored as unirradiated fuel in France.  Italy is believed to have retained ownership of all 3.8 tonnes of this plutonium. At the end of 2002, Italy had about 2.3-2.4 tonnes of unirradiated plutonium stored overseas in France and Britain.  Italy also has some unreprocessed irradiated fuel in Britain at Thorp, containing an estimated 500 kilograms of plutonium.
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(f)     The value for Kazakhstan is the plutonium that was produced in the breeder blanket of the BN-350 reactor that was shut down.  The BN-350 was fueled by HEU, which led to minimal plutonium production in the fuel.
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(g)     The values for the Netherlands in this table are discussed below.  The adjustment in column 2 resulted from Dutch utilities selling about 200 kilograms of plutonium in the 1980s to Italy and perhaps France for use in the Superphenix reactor.  The Netherlands contracted to have about 3.5 tonnes of plutonium separated in Britain and France.  As of the end of 2002, Dutch utilities still had about 1.2 tonnes of plutonium yet to be separated.  In total, the Netherlands had about 2.1 tonnes of separated plutonium at the end of 2002.  In addition, about 300 kilograms of Dutch plutonium was in irradiated forms in France.  Almost half was in Superphenix irradiated fuel, which was partially owned by the Netherlands.  The rest was at La Hague awaiting reprocessing.
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(h)    Spain’s Vandellos gas-graphite reactor was supplied by France, which also bought the plutonium from this reactor.  The irradiated fuel was reprocessed in France.
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Country	Estimated power reactor spent fuel and plutonium discharged, ISIS estimate (through 2002)		Estimated VVER-440 spent fuel and plutonium discharged sent to Mayak for reprocessing, ISIS estimate (through 2002)		Estimated VVER-1000 spent fuel and plutonium discharged, sent for storage, ISIS estimate (through 2002)		Plutonium in spent fuel from power reactors held in country, ISIS estimate (end 2002)
	Fuel	Pu	Fuel	Pub	Fuel	Pub
Armenia	410	3.2	250	1.9	0		1.3
Bulgaria	1580	15	650	5.8c	40	0.4c	8.8
Czech Republic	730	6.9	140	1.3	0		5.6
Finland	1550	14	340	3.1	0		11
Germany (GDR)	980	6.9	140	1.0	0		5.9d
Hungary	860	8.0	100	0.9	0		7.1
Slovakia	970	9.1	84e	1.2e	0		7.9
Ukraine	6670	51	400	3.6c	1000	9c	38
Total (rounded)	13,750	114	2100	19	1040	9.4	86

 

 

(a)     Russia has taken ownership of all or, at least, the vast bulk of the plutonium contained in the VVER-440 and VVER-1000 spent fuel imported from the countries in this table.  Thus, these amounts are subtracted from the total plutonium values for each country in the table to arrive at the plutonium holdings of each country.  In total, this VVER-440 spent fuel contains about 19 tonnes of plutonium, almost all of which is believed to have been separated at the RT-1 facility at Mayak by the end of 2002.  In total, Mayak separated almost 38 tonnes of plutonium by the end of 2002. The VVER-1000 spent fuel is stored in Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk region.  Russia is believed to have taken over ownership of the Bulgarian and Ukranian VVER-1000 spent fuel.  This fuel may be eventually reprocessed.
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(b)     Except for Bulgaria, Slovakia, and the Ukraine, the values in this column are derived by multiplying the amount of spent fuel sent to Russia by the average amount of plutonium per tonne of fuel derived from the estimates in the column that gives total estimated spent fuel and plutonium discharged through 2002.
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(c)     The value of 9 kg plutonium per tonne of uranium is used.
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(d)     The plutonium in the GDR was inherited by Germany after the fall of the Berlin wall.  Plutonium in irradiated GDR power reactor fuel that remained after the collapse of the GDR is included in the German INFCIRC/549 declaration.  Thus, the GDR plutonium value in the last column of this table is not used in other tables in this report.
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(e)     The 84 tonnes represents the amount of VVER-440 spent fuel that Slovakia sent to Russia.  It also sent all the spent fuel from the A1 reactor, a heavy-water, gas-cooled reactor, but the amount of A1 spent fuel is not included above in either spent fuel listing for Slovakia.  This spent fuel contained about 400 kilograms of plutonium.  This amount is included in the value in the column listing the amount of plutonium sent to Mayak.
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